The text is trying to ___.
Part 6: Text Cohesion
Complete an original workplace text by following purpose, reference, sequence, tense consistency, lexical cohesion, and paragraph logic rather than solving each gap alone.
Your goal
By the end of this lesson, you can use reference, sequence, and purpose to complete a text.
Progress focus: STRATLISTREAD
Engduo Audio: Licensed voices prepared for this lesson. Audio never starts automatically. Use the transcript after the first listening attempt.
1. Look, listen, and notice
Use the visual and model audio to understand the situation, viewpoint, or communication problem before studying the language.
- purpose
- reference chain
- sequence
- paragraph role
Engduo Audio • American English
Transcript — open after listening
The building entrance will be repainted this weekend. During this work, visitors should use the east-side doors beside the parking office.
Engduo Audio • Australian English
Transcript — open after listening
We received useful comments during the trial. These responses will guide the next version of the booking form.
How to run Stage 1
Confirm the observable outcome and connect it to one realistic learner need.
2. Build useful language
Choose the phrases that help you complete the task; do not memorise a full script.
This pronoun refers to ___.
The sequence requires ___.
The tense remains ___.
This sentence introduces or develops ___.
The paragraph is coherent because ___.
How to run Stage 2
Use the visual and first audio or text for meaning before explaining language.
3. Rehearse with support
Practise the decisions, evidence, listening, or language moves that make the final task successful.
- Read the whole text before solving gaps.
- Trace pronouns and repeated concepts.
- Place an original sentence by matching old and new information.
How to run Stage 3
Select only the useful-language items needed for this learner and this task.
4. Complete the communication task
Exchange information, solve a problem, create a text, or reach a decision with a real outcome.
Complete an original email and notice with word, phrase, and sentence gaps. Draw the reference and sequence links that support each answer.
How to run Stage 4
Run the supported rehearsal without reading every instruction aloud.
5. Perform, receive feedback, and retry
Complete the task with keywords only, receive focused feedback, and repeat the weakest part.
Complete a new original text, justify six choices with cross-sentence evidence, and write one replacement sentence that preserves cohesion.
Retry: Repeat once with clearer meaning, stronger evidence, more accurate listening, or less support.
How to run Stage 5
Run the main task: Complete an original email and notice with word, phrase, and sentence gaps. Draw the reference and sequence links that support each answer.
Exit check
Complete this without reading a model: Explain what one reference word points to and why the sentence belongs there.
Success looks like: The learner uses text-level evidence and can create a coherent continuation, not only choose local grammar.
Evidence: mixed · Repeat the weakest part once after one meaning-focused and one language-focused correction at most.
STRAT · Task Strategy
2: Uses an efficient task strategy and supports decisions with evidence.
1: Demonstrates the skill after one focused prompt, correction or self-repair.
0: Cannot yet demonstrate the skill clearly enough to complete the stated outcome.
LIST · Listening Comprehension
2: Understands and uses the required spoken evidence accurately.
1: Demonstrates the skill after one focused prompt, correction or self-repair.
0: Cannot yet demonstrate the skill clearly enough to complete the stated outcome.
READ · Reading Comprehension
2: Finds and interprets the required written evidence accurately.
1: Demonstrates the skill after one focused prompt, correction or self-repair.
0: Cannot yet demonstrate the skill clearly enough to complete the stated outcome.
Use these scores after the independent attempt. Record one recurring need in the Engduo app when lesson-result fields become available.
How to run Stage 6
Record focused evidence, give one meaning-focused and one language-focused correction at most, repeat the weakest part, and complete the exit check.
คำอธิบายภาษาไทย — เปิดเมื่อจำเป็นเท่านั้น
อ่านทั้งข้อความก่อน ตาม reference เช่น this, they, these changes และดู purpose กับลำดับ ไม่แก้ทีละประโยคแบบแยกส่วน
Teacher guide
30-minute must-do route
- Confirm the observable outcome and connect it to one realistic learner need.
- Use the visual and first audio or text for meaning before explaining language.
- Select only the useful-language items needed for this learner and this task.
- Run the supported rehearsal without reading every instruction aloud.
- Run the main task: Complete an original email and notice with word, phrase, and sentence gaps. Draw the reference and sequence links that support each answer.
- Record focused evidence, give one meaning-focused and one language-focused correction at most, repeat the weakest part, and complete the exit check.
60-minute extension
- Choose between two grammatically correct sentences with different paragraph functions.
- Change the role, information, listener, or constraint so the learner transfers the skill rather than repeating the same answer.
- Compare the first and second performance and record one specific improvement.
Make it easier
Underline repeated concepts and draw arrows from pronouns to nouns.
Make it harder
Choose between two grammatically correct sentences with different paragraph functions.
Likely difficulty
The learner may solve locally, miss a reference chain, or choose a sentence with the right topic but wrong information flow.
Correction priority
Prioritise purpose, reference, sequence, tense consistency, and old–new information.
Thai support rule
Keep the Thai panel closed unless examples, visuals, replay, reformulation, and simpler English do not allow progress. Explain only the key distinction, then return to English.
Progress record
Score STRAT, LIST, READ from 0–2 and record one recurring need from: reference-chain, sequence, paragraph-logic.
Retry
Give one meaning-focused correction and one language-focused correction at most, then ask for a second attempt with fewer visible prompts.
Continue your learning path
- Council of Europe — CEFR Companion Volume — Supports action-oriented language learning through age- and level-appropriate interaction, descriptions, goal-oriented co-operation, written interaction, and observable communication outcomes.
- ETS — About the TOEIC Listening and Reading Test — Supports accurate alignment to the current Listening Parts 1–4 and Reading Parts 5–7 while Engduo uses only original practice content.
- ETS — TOEIC Test Preparation Materials — Supports awareness of official preparation resources and sample-test families without copying protected questions, recordings, images, or answer sets.
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