Check that the period reaches now or that the development still matters now.
Present Perfect for Repeated and Developing Situations
Use the present perfect to summarise repeated events and changes that have developed across a period connected to now.
Present Perfect for repeated and developing situations
UseSummarise events that have happened repeatedly or a situation that has changed across an unfinished period.
Core formsubject + have/has + past participle + repeated-time or change evidence
Meaning contrastrepeated events up to now · development from an earlier point to now
RememberUse the past simple when the reporting period is finished and separate from now.
ชื่อไวยากรณ์ภาษาไทย — เปิดเมื่อจำเป็น
Present Perfect ในบทนี้ใช้สรุปเหตุการณ์ที่เกิดซ้ำหรือการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่พัฒนาต่อเนื่องถึงช่วงปัจจุบัน เช่น Sales have risen three times this quarter โดยช่วงเวลายังไม่จบหรือผลยังเกี่ยวข้องกับตอนนี้
Your goal
By the end of this lesson, you can report three repeated developments, support each with current evidence, compare one earlier state with now, and recommend one response.
คำอธิบายเป้าหมายภาษาไทย — เปิดเมื่อจำเป็น
บทนี้ฝึกสรุปสิ่งที่เกิดซ้ำและแนวโน้มที่เปลี่ยนแปลงมาถึงปัจจุบัน โดยใช้หลักฐานจริงเปรียบเทียบก่อนกับตอนนี้ แล้วเสนอการตอบสนองที่เหมาะสม
Progress focus LCFP
LC · Language Control
Control the target pattern so the intended meaning remains clear.
Control the target pattern so the intended meaning remains clear.
FP · Functional Performance
Complete the lesson’s real communication outcome without teacher-supplied sentences.
Complete the lesson’s real communication outcome without teacher-supplied sentences.
Your grammar path
Use have or has plus the past participle with frequency, quantity, or change evidence.
Explain what the pattern means and recommend one practical response.
30-minute lesson route
3 minReporting-period baseline
5 minRepeated events or development
5 minEvidence and contrast
6 minListen and map change
7 minTrend briefing
4 minFeedback and retry
Connect the reporting period to now
Use current-term, current-quarter, and recent-life situations. Separate unfinished or still-relevant periods from finished past periods.
How to run Stage 1
3 min: Establish current reporting periods and finished-period contrasts.
Report repetition and development
Use have or has plus the participle with expressions such as three times, repeatedly, steadily, this term, and over the past year.
How to run Stage 2
5 min: Build repeated-event and development forms with evidence expressions.
Compare the earlier state with now
Engduo Audio: Listen for meaning first. Audio never starts automatically.
Identify repetition, development, current evidence, and the remaining issue.
Track the repeated actions, developing result, and area that has not changed enough.
Support every trend with a number, observation, or changed condition. Use the past simple only for a finished event that provides background.
How to run Stage 3
5 min: Compare earlier states with now and add one limitation.
Recover pattern, evidence, and limitation
Listen to both briefings. Record repeated events, the developing situation, present evidence, and one issue that remains.
How to run Stage 4
6 min: Play both briefings and map pattern, evidence, and remaining issue.
Deliver a trend briefing
Report three repeated or developing situations from work, study, health, or daily life. Include evidence, one before-now comparison, one limitation, and one recommended response.
How to run Stage 5
7 min: Run the three-development trend briefing and recommendation.
Final practice: Explain what has repeatedly happened and how the situation has developed
Task: Give a two-minute trend briefing with three present-perfect developments, three pieces of evidence, one earlier-state comparison, one limitation, and one recommendation.
Success: The reporting periods connect to now, evidence supports each development, and the recommendation follows logically from the trend.
LC · Language Control
0 Frequent form problems obscure the intended meaning.
1 Meaning remains clear with some prompting or self-correction.
2 Controls present-perfect forms and distinguishes unfinished or current relevance from finished past reporting.
FP · Functional Performance
0 Does not yet complete the communication outcome.
1 Completes most of the outcome with visible prompts.
2 Interprets repeated and developing evidence and recommends a response independently.
How to run Stage 6
4 min: Score LC and FP, repair one time-frame or evidence link, and retry the affected section.
คำอธิบายภาษาไทย — เปิดเมื่อจำเป็นเท่านั้น
กำหนดช่วงเวลาก่อน ถ้าช่วงนั้นยังต่อถึงตอนนี้หรือผลยังสำคัญ ให้ใช้ Present Perfect แล้วเพิ่มหลักฐาน เช่นจำนวนครั้ง แนวโน้ม หรือความแตกต่างจากก่อน หากช่วงเวลาจบแล้วชัดเจนจึงเปลี่ยนเป็น Past Simple
Continue your learning path
Teaching references
CEFR Companion Volume — used for communication outcomes and observable progress.
Content and media rights
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