Project update
Identify the speaker’s facts, planned action and time reference.
TF30 · B1 Grammar · 30 min
Reported Statements
Protect the original speaker’s meaning while you relay facts, opinions, actions and timing to a new listener.
Why this lesson matters · เหตุผลที่เรียนบทนี้
For learners: Relay another person’s message without distorting source meaning, viewpoint, certainty, timing or action.
For teachers: A six-stage meaning-first B1 route from source mapping and said/told decisions to context-sensitive relay, verification and one focused retry.
สำหรับผู้เรียน: ถ่ายทอดข้อความของผู้อื่นโดยไม่บิดเบือนแหล่งที่มา มุมมอง ระดับความมั่นใจ เวลา หรือการกระทำ
สำหรับครู: เส้นทาง B1 แบบเริ่มจากความหมาย 6 ขั้น ตั้งแต่แผนผังแหล่งที่มาและการเลือก said/told ไปจนถึงการถ่ายทอดตามบริบท การตรวจสอบ และการลองใหม่หนึ่งจุด
Your Goal
Relay six statements with accurate said or told patterns, make necessary context changes, and verify two details without changing the speaker’s meaning.
คำอธิบายภาษาไทย
ถ่ายทอดข้อความ 6 ข้อด้วยรูปแบบ said หรือ told ที่ถูกต้อง ปรับสรรพนาม เวลา สถานที่ และ tense เท่าที่บริบทใหม่จำเป็น พร้อมตรวจสอบรายละเอียดสำคัญ 2 จุดโดยไม่เปลี่ยนความหมายของผู้พูดเดิม
Why this lesson matters
Reporting is not a mechanical tense exercise. A useful report protects the source, viewpoint, certainty, timing and action so the next listener can respond correctly.
ภาษาไทย: การรายงานคำพูดไม่ใช่แค่เปลี่ยน tense ตามสูตร แต่ต้องรักษาแหล่งที่มา มุมมอง ระดับความมั่นใจ เวลา และการกระทำ เพื่อให้ผู้ฟังคนถัดไปเข้าใจและทำต่อได้ถูกต้อง
PROGRESS FOCUS What improves today?
MEAN · MeaningProtect the speaker’s fact, opinion, certainty, timing and intended action.
FORM · FormChoose said/told and make only necessary pronoun, reference and tense changes.
USE · Real useRelay six messages and verify two details before the listener acts.
Your 30-minute route
1 · 4 minProtect meaning
2 · 4 minChoose said/told
3 · 5 minChange context
4 · 5 minPlan the relay
5 · 5 minListen and verify
6 · 7 minRelay and retry
Teacher Lesson Plan
Meaning comes first. Before correcting grammar, ask whether the report preserves the source, certainty, time and action. The final proof is an unscripted six-message relay with two verification stops.
| Stage | Teacher move | Evidence to collect |
|---|---|---|
| 1 · Map | Identify source, meaning, context and critical details. | Six message maps |
| 2 · Frame | Choose said/told from the listener decision. | Six explained repairs |
| 3 · Shift | Change only what the new context changes. | Eight context-sensitive reports |
| 4 · Plan | Prepare keyword relay notes and two checks. | Six notes + two questions |
| 5 · Transfer | Use American and British recordings to recover the source. | Two listening relays |
| 6 · Perform | Score MEAN/FORM/USE, set one target and retry. | Six reports + retry |
Stage 1 · Protect the message before changing the grammar
Identify who said what, to whom, when and why before you report anything.
STUDENT TASK
SOURCEWho originally spoke?
MESSAGEWhich fact, opinion or action must stay accurate?
NEW CONTEXTWho is reporting, where and when?
| Direct statement | Meaning to protect | Detail to verify |
|---|---|---|
| Nina: “The client approved the blue version.” | approval is confirmed | which version |
| Mark: “I can send it tomorrow.” | Mark offers a future action | reporting day |
| Ploy: “We are waiting here.” | current location and ongoing action | who “we” means |
- Map six supplied direct statements.
- Underline the fact, opinion or action that must not change.
- Circle the speaker, listener, time and place references.
- Name two details that could cause a wrong action if reported inaccurately.
Finish evidenceSix message maps and two action-critical verification points.
Teacher Help · Stage 1
Do not begin with tense conversion. Ask learners to restate the original meaning first. If the source, action or certainty changes, the relay has already failed even if the grammar looks correct.
Stage 2 · Choose said or told from the listener pattern
Use the presence or absence of a named listener to select the reporting frame.
STUDENT TASK
Meaning–form map
said (that) + clause
Nina said that the client had approved it.
told + person + (that) + clause
Nina told us that the client had approved it.
Decision: use told only when the listener is included. Do not write “told that” or “said us.”
| Problem | Repair target | Why |
|---|---|---|
| She told that the file was ready. | She said that … / She told me that … | told needs a person |
| He said us the date had changed. | He told us … | said does not take the listener directly |
| They told to the team that … | They told the team that … | no to before the listener |
- Repair six reporting frames.
- Add an appropriate listener to three told sentences.
- Remove an unnecessary listener from three said sentences.
- Explain each choice using “listener included” or “listener not included.”
Finish evidenceSix accurate said/told repairs with six listener-based explanations.
Teacher Help · Stage 2
Keep the decision meaning-first: “Do I name the listener?” Accept omitted that in natural speech. Correct the reporting frame before discussing backshift.
Stage 3 · Change only what the new context changes
Adjust pronouns, time, place and tense only when the reporting situation requires it.
STUDENT TASK
| Original message | New reporting context | Accurate report |
|---|---|---|
| Mina: “I will send this tomorrow.” | Mark reports it the next day from another place. | Mina said that she would send it that day. |
| The guide: “The museum opens at nine.” | The timetable is still true. | The guide said that the museum opens at nine. |
| Ploy: “We are waiting here.” | Nina reports later from the office. | Ploy said that they were waiting there. |
| Leo: “I finished the draft yesterday.” | Reported two days later. | Leo said that he had finished the draft two days earlier. |
- For eight direct statements, mark what changed in the real context.
- Change the speaker/listener pronouns where necessary.
- Change time or place words only when the reporting point changes.
- Backshift when it clarifies an earlier event; keep a current form for information that remains true.
- Justify two unchanged forms.
Check the core decision
The question is not “Can I backshift?” but “Does the new context require a different viewpoint or time relation?” Mechanical changes can distort a message that is still current.
Finish evidenceEight context-sensitive reports and two justified unchanged forms.
Teacher Help · Stage 3
Ask “What is different now?” before accepting a tense or reference change. Learners may use more than one natural form when the intended time relation stays clear and the meaning is preserved.
Stage 4 · Plan a six-message relay with two verification stops
Prepare notes that protect meaning without scripting complete sentences.
STUDENT TASK
Relay situation: You leave a project check-in early. A partner must report six updates to you later, and two details affect what the team does next.
| Message role | Notes only | Verification decision |
|---|---|---|
| confirmed fact | speaker · fact · current? | repeat the exact version/date |
| speaker’s opinion | speaker · evaluation · certainty | keep it attributed |
| promised action | person · action · deadline | check who and when |
| location/status update | people · place · progress | update here/there and now/then |
- Plan six short relay notes: two facts, one opinion, two actions and one status update.
- Choose said or told for each message.
- Mark every reference that may change.
- Select two action-critical details for a confirmation question.
- Keep the notes to keywords—do not write the final report.
Planning example: Nina → blue version approved → told the team → confirm “blue” · Mark → send tomorrow → said → report as “that day” if the day has changed.
Finish evidenceSix relay notes, six reporting-frame decisions and two planned verification questions.
Teacher Help · Stage 4
Reject full scripts. The final performance must show the learner can construct the report independently. Check that opinion remains attributed and that every verification point could change a real action.
Stage 5 · Listen, relay and check the source
Recover meaning across American and British voices, then report it from a new context.
STUDENT TASK
American English British English
Travel update
Separate current information from references that change when reported later.
- Listen once for overall meaning and the action-critical detail.
- Listen again for speaker · listener · time · place · certainty.
- Report both message sets from the following day.
- Explain every changed and unchanged form.
- Ask one verification question for each recording.
- Compare the report with the source and repair one distortion.
Finish evidenceTwo source maps, two accurate relays, two verification questions and one repaired distortion.
Teacher Help · Stage 5
Audio never starts automatically. Accent variety tests listening transfer, not imitation. Replay only the sentence containing a disputed source, time or action detail before the learner repairs the report.
Stage 6 · Final Practice: relay six messages without distortion
Deliver an independent message chain, verify two details and improve one precise weakness.
STUDENT TASK
FINAL PRACTICE
Source → report → verify → compare → repair → retry
- Use notes only: speaker · listener · meaning · time/place · critical detail.
- Receive six direct statements containing facts, opinions, actions and status updates.
- Relay all six to a new listener using accurate said/told frames.
- Make only the context changes required by the new speaker, listener, time and place.
- Ask two verification questions before the listener acts.
- Compare the final relay with the six sources and identify one distortion or weak form.
- After one feedback target, retry only the affected message.
Performance rule: Grammar is successful only when the final listener receives the original fact, opinion, certainty, timing and action accurately.
Score the first independent performance
MEAN · MeaningSix reports preserve the original facts, opinions, certainty, timing and required actions.
FORM · FormSaid/told patterns and necessary pronoun, reference and tense changes are accurate.
USE · Real useThe learner relays six messages, verifies two details and repairs one distortion independently.
0 · Not yetThe source meaning, reporting frame or action-critical detail is distorted or missing.
1 · With supportThe relay becomes accurate after a source, listener, context or form prompt.
2 · IndependentSix messages and two verification points are accurate without a prompt.
Result: 0–2 Rebuild · 3–4 Developing · 5–6 B1 mastery evidence.
Finish evidenceSix accurate relays + two verified details + one source comparison + one focused retry.
Teacher Help · Stage 6
Score the first independent attempt across MEAN, FORM and USE. Give one target only: source meaning, said/told frame, context change or verification. Keep the original score and record the retry separately.
Grammar you can use
You can now relay another person’s message while protecting its source, meaning, viewpoint, timing and action. Use the Dynamic Learning Graph below to continue from accurate relay to information focus and evidence reporting.
Return to the Learning LibraryContinue your learning path
Meetings and Decisions
Learn source and decision vocabulary before reporting complete messages.
เรียนคำศัพท์เรื่องแหล่งที่มาและการตัดสินใจก่อนถ่ายทอดข้อความเต็ม
Reported Questions and Requests
Compare statements with reported questions, requests and instructions.
เปรียบเทียบการรายงานข้อความกับคำถาม คำขอ และคำสั่ง
News: Fact, Opinion, and a Clear Summary
Use source accuracy to separate fact, opinion and framing in a news summary.
ใช้ความแม่นยำของแหล่งที่มาเพื่อแยกข้อเท็จจริง ความคิดเห็น และการวางกรอบในข่าว
Explain a Process with the Passive
Shift from naming the speaker to choosing active or passive information focus.
พัฒนาจากการระบุผู้พูดไปสู่การเลือกจุดเน้นข้อมูลแบบ active หรือ passive
