Identify what the listener should notice first: actor, action, receiver, or result.
Active or Passive: Choose the Focus
Change sentence focus deliberately and deliver a clear incident or process update.
Active-passive contrast: actor, process, or result
Use active voice when the actor and responsibility matter; use passive voice when the process, receiver, or result deserves the main position.
Your goal
By the end of this contrast lesson, you can choose active or passive voice for six messages, explain the information focus, and rewrite two unclear updates.
คำอธิบายเป้าหมายภาษาไทย — เปิดเมื่อจำเป็น
บทนี้ฝึกเลือก active เมื่อต้องการเน้นผู้กระทำหรือความรับผิดชอบ และ passive เมื่อต้องการเน้นขั้นตอน ผู้รับผล หรือผลลัพธ์
Progress focus LCFP
LC · Language Control
Control the target pattern so the intended time and meaning remain clear.
Control the target pattern so the intended time and meaning remain clear.
FP · Functional Performance
Complete the lesson’s real communication outcome without teacher-supplied sentences.
Complete the lesson’s real communication outcome without teacher-supplied sentences.
Your grammar path
Use subject + verb + object or receiver + be + participle.
Change focus without hiding necessary responsibility.
30-minute lesson route
3 minInformation focus
5 minActive structure
5 minPassive structure
6 minRewrite choices
7 minIncident update
4 minFeedback & retry
Put important information first
Voice is an information choice as well as a grammar form.
Actor/responsibility
Active voice
Active voice
Process/result
Passive voice
Passive voice
Receiver affected
Passive can foreground it
Passive can foreground it
Unknown actor
Passive can omit it
Passive can omit it
How to run Stage 1
3 min: Mark the information focus in six messages.
Control both sentence structures
Listen for what occupies the subject position.
Engduo Audio: Listen for meaning first. Audio never starts automatically.
Listen for where actor responsibility is important.
Listen for where process and result take priority.
| Focus | Example |
|---|---|
| Actor | The support team fixed the issue. |
| Result | The issue was fixed at 3 p.m. |
| Useful actor in passive | The update was approved by the director. |
How to run Stage 2
5 min: Play the first model and review active actor-action-object structure.
Do not use passive to hide important ownership
Include the actor when responsibility or action is necessary for the listener.
How to run Stage 3
5 min: Play the second model and review passive be + participle.
Rewrite six messages for focus
- Underline the information the listener needs first.
- Choose active or passive voice.
- Explain why the focus is appropriate.
- Rewrite two messages when the actor is hidden unnecessarily.
How to run Stage 4
6 min: Rewrite six messages and explain each focus choice.
Deliver an incident or process update
Explain what happened, what was affected, who took action, and what has now been completed.
Required: three active forms, three passive forms, two focus explanations, one clear owner, and one final result.
How to run Stage 5
7 min: Run the update and change the information priority twice.
Final practice: Control focus with active and passive voice
Task: Give a 90-second update using both voices, then rewrite two sentences after the listener changes the information priority.
Success: Voice choices foreground the right information and responsibility remains clear whenever the listener needs it.
LC · Language Control
0 Frequent form problems obscure the intended time or meaning.
1 Meaning remains clear with some prompting or self-correction.
2 Controls active and passive structures and includes or omits the actor deliberately.
FP · Functional Performance
0 Does not yet complete the communication outcome.
1 Completes most of the outcome with visible prompts.
2 Delivers and revises a focus-controlled update independently.
How to run Stage 6
4 min: Score LC and FP, correct one recurring choice, and retry the weakest section.
คำอธิบายภาษาไทย — เปิดเมื่อจำเป็นเท่านั้น
active เน้นผู้กระทำ เช่น The team fixed the issue ส่วน passive เน้นสิ่งที่ได้รับผลหรือผลลัพธ์ เช่น The issue was fixed แต่ไม่ควรใช้ passive เพื่อซ่อนผู้รับผิดชอบเมื่อข้อมูลนั้นสำคัญ
Continue your learning path
Teaching references
CEFR Companion Volume — used for communication outcomes and observable progress.
Content and media rights
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