Delayed project handover
Explain every tense, day and pronoun decision, including the still-true fact.
TF30 · B2 GRAMMAR · 30 MIN
Advanced Reported Speech and Time Reference
Relay time-sensitive messages without losing viewpoint, deadline or still-current facts.
Why this lesson matters · เหตุผลที่เรียนบทนี้
For learners: Relay two time-sensitive messages, make eight justified tense or reference decisions, preserve two still-true facts, and resolve one ambiguous time expression.
For teachers: This B2 step transfers evidence precision into reliable message relay. Learners reconstruct viewpoint, justify tense and reference choices, preserve current facts, resolve ambiguity with exact information, and confirm the action loop.
สำหรับผู้เรียน: ส่งต่อข้อความที่เกี่ยวกับเวลาสองข้อความ ตัดสินใจเรื่อง tense หรือ reference อย่างมีเหตุผล 8 จุด รักษาข้อเท็จจริงที่ยังเป็นจริง 2 จุด และแก้ถ้อยคำบอกเวลาที่กำกวม 1 จุด
สำหรับครู: ขั้น B2 นี้ถ่ายโอนความแม่นยำของหลักฐานไปสู่การส่งต่อข้อความที่เชื่อถือได้ ผู้เรียนสร้างมุมมองของผู้พูดใหม่ อธิบายการเลือก tense และ reference รักษาข้อเท็จจริงปัจจุบัน แก้ความกำกวมด้วยข้อมูลที่ระบุชัด และยืนยันการดำเนินการให้ครบวงจร
Your Goal
By the end of this lesson, you can relay two time-sensitive messages, make eight justified tense or reference decisions, preserve two still-true facts, and resolve one ambiguous time expression.
คำอธิบายภาษาไทย
ถ่ายทอดข้อความที่มีเวลาเกี่ยวข้อง 2 ข้อ ตัดสินใจเรื่อง tense หรือคำอ้างอิงพร้อมเหตุผล 8 จุด รักษาข้อเท็จจริงที่ยังเป็นจริง 2 จุด และแก้คำบอกเวลาที่กำกวม 1 จุด
Why this lesson matters
Reported speech is not only tense backshift. When the speaker, listener, date or place changes, a grammatically correct relay can still give the wrong deadline or owner unless the whole viewpoint is rebuilt.
ภาษาไทย: Reported speech ไม่ได้มีเพียงการเปลี่ยน tense เมื่อผู้พูด ผู้ฟัง วันเวลา หรือสถานที่เปลี่ยน ข้อความที่ไวยากรณ์ถูกก็ยังส่งต่อ deadline หรือผู้รับผิดชอบผิดได้ หากไม่สร้าง viewpoint ใหม่ทั้งชุด
PROGRESS FOCUS What improves today?
MEAN · MeaningPreserve action, owner, exact deadline and facts that remain true.
FORM · FormJustify tense, modal, pronoun, time and place reference from the new viewpoint.
USE · Real useRelay two messages, resolve ambiguity and confirm the recipient can act.
Your 30-minute route
1 · 4 minMap viewpoint
2 · 5 minChoose tense
3 · 5 minUpdate references
4 · 5 minListen and rebuild
5 · 5 minPlan two relays
6 · 6 minRelay and retry
Teacher Lesson Plan
Rebuild speaker, listener, date and place before checking tense. Preserve present forms when facts remain true and replace ambiguous relative time with exact information.
| Stage | Teacher move | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| 1 · Viewpoint | Map original and reporting coordinates. | Two maps |
| 2 · Tense | Justify backshift or current truth. | Eight decisions |
| 3 · Reference | Update person, time and place. | Twelve choices |
| 4 · Listen | Reconstruct two relays. | Two messages |
| 5 · Plan | Protect action and deadline. | Relay plans |
| 6 · Perform | Score MEAN/FORM/USE and retry. | Two relays + retry |
Stage 1 · Map the original and reporting viewpoints
Identify who spoke, when and where they spoke, and when and where the message is relayed.
STUDENT TASK
| Viewpoint detail | Original message | Relay decision |
|---|---|---|
| speaker / listener | I’ll send you the file. | Who does I/you refer to now? |
| original time | I’m sending it tomorrow. | What date was tomorrow? |
| reporting time | reported two days later | Is the action past, current or future now? |
| place / object | Meet me here with this form. | Are here and this still valid? |
- Read two short original messages and their relay situations.
- Complete a speaker–listener–date–place map for each.
- Underline every word whose reference may change.
- State which references can stay and which must be updated.
Finish evidenceTwo viewpoint maps and eight reference-risk labels.
Teacher Help · Stage 1
Reported speech is a viewpoint reconstruction task. Establish the original and new coordinates before teaching any automatic tense or word shift.
Stage 2 · Choose tense changes and preserve still-true facts
Backshift when the new viewpoint requires it, but keep a tense when the information remains true and current.
STUDENT TASK
| Original | Possible report | Decision reason |
|---|---|---|
| “The handover is delayed.” | She said the handover was delayed. | past viewpoint on the message |
| “The office opens at nine.” | He said the office opens at nine. | schedule still true |
| “I have sent the invoice.” | She said she had sent the invoice. | earlier completed action |
| “We can use the same room.” | He said we could use the same room. | reported permission from past viewpoint |
- Make eight tense or modal decisions across two messages.
- Backshift only when the reporting viewpoint and sequence justify it.
- Preserve two present forms for facts that are still true now.
- Add a short reason after every decision.
- Repair two mechanical backshifts that make a current fact sound outdated.
Finish evidenceEight justified decisions and two clearly preserved still-true facts.
Teacher Help · Stage 2
Accept non-backshift when the fact remains true, the report is immediate or the speaker deliberately maintains current validity. Require a meaning reason rather than a memorised rule.
Stage 3 · Update time, place, person and modal reference
Replace relative words when the new listener could attach them to the wrong date, place or person.
STUDENT TASK
| Original reference | Possible update | Safer choice when ambiguous |
|---|---|---|
| today / tomorrow / yesterday | that day / the next day / the previous day | exact calendar date |
| now / then | then / at that time | exact time or stage |
| here / this / these | there / that / those | named place, file or item |
| I / we / you | he/she/they/we | named person or team |
| will / can / may | would / could / might | retain if still-current future or permission |
- Update twelve reference words across the two relay situations.
- Check every pronoun against the new speaker and listener.
- Replace one ambiguous relative date with an exact date.
- Keep one original time or place word and explain why it still works.
- Repair two relays whose grammar is correct but reference is misleading.
Check the ambiguity rule
If two dates, places or people are plausible, use the exact date, named location or named person. Accuracy is more important than mechanically changing every word.
Finish evidenceTwelve reference decisions and one ambiguity resolved with exact information.
Teacher Help · Stage 3
Require the learner to point from each pronoun, time and place expression to a real referent. Use exact dates whenever “the next day” could be interpreted from two different starting points.
Stage 4 · Listen and rebuild two message relays
Recover both the original message and the updated reported version.
STUDENT TASKAmerican English · Joanna British English · Brian
Venue message relay
Track the change in place, date, speaker reference and modal viewpoint.
| Pass | Record | Question |
|---|---|---|
| 1 · Message | action, deadline and request | What must the new listener know? |
| 2 · Viewpoint | speaker, time, place, listener | What changed? |
| 3 · Justification | tense/reference choice | Why is this form still accurate now? |
- Listen once and record the urgent action from each relay.
- Listen again and reconstruct the likely original quotation.
- Compare original and report, then justify eight changes or non-changes.
- Identify the still-true fact and one ambiguity safeguard in each relay.
Finish evidenceTwo reconstructed messages, eight justified decisions and two relay safeguards.
Teacher Help · Stage 4
The reviewed neural voices provide accent variety. Score whether the listener receives the correct action and deadline before checking backshift and reference form.
Stage 5 · Plan two reliable time-sensitive relays
Keep the action, owner, deadline and current truth clear for a new listener.
STUDENT TASK
| Relay element | Required note | Reliability check |
|---|---|---|
| source | who said what and when | Can the listener identify the original viewpoint? |
| urgent action | who must do what | Did pronouns change correctly? |
| deadline | exact date and time | Could a relative expression be misread? |
| still-true fact | current schedule, policy or condition | Should the present form remain? |
| confirmation | one check-back question | Can the recipient close the loop? |
- Choose two realistic project, travel, venue or service messages.
- Record the original speaker, time, place, action and deadline.
- Plan at least four justified tense/reference decisions per relay.
- Preserve one still-true fact in each message.
- Replace one relative date with an exact date and prepare one confirmation question.
Finish evidenceTwo relay plans, eight decisions, two current facts and one exact-date repair.
Teacher Help · Stage 5
The learner should relay decisions, not display every possible reported-speech shift. Prioritise action ownership, exact deadline and current truth.
Stage 6 · Final Practice: relay, clarify and correct viewpoint
Pass on two messages so a new listener can act without checking the original source.
STUDENT TASK
FINAL PRACTICE
Set source → relay message 1 → relay message 2 → confirm deadline → clarify → retry
- Relay two time-sensitive messages in 90 seconds.
- Make at least eight justified tense, modal, pronoun, time or place decisions.
- Preserve two facts that are still true at the reporting time.
- Resolve one ambiguous time expression with an exact date or time.
- Your partner asks one question about speaker, owner, deadline or current truth.
- Answer, receive one MEAN, FORM or USE target and retry only the highest-risk relay.
Relay model: “Mali said on Monday that the handover had been delayed and asked us to send the revised checklist by 3 p.m. on Wednesday, 12 August. She also said the client meeting is still at nine on Thursday. Could you confirm that Niran will send the file?”
Score the first independent performance
MEAN · MeaningThe listener can identify the source, required action, owner, exact deadline and facts that remain true.
FORM · FormTense, modal, pronoun, time and place references match the reporting viewpoint.
USE · Real useThe learner relays two messages, resolves ambiguity and answers a confirmation question independently.
0 · Not yetA wrong viewpoint or date could cause the listener to act incorrectly.
1 · With supportThe relays work after one tense, reference or deadline prompt.
2 · IndependentTwo messages, eight decisions, two current facts and the ambiguity repair work without a model.
Result: 0–2 Rebuild · 3–4 Developing · 5–6 B2 performance evidence.
Finish evidenceTwo reliable relays + eight justified decisions + two still-true facts + one exact-date repair + focused retry.
Teacher Help · Stage 6
Score the first independent relay. Give one target only, then record whether the retry improves viewpoint meaning, reference form or action reliability.
Grammar you can use
You can now relay two time-sensitive messages, justify tense and reference decisions, preserve still-true facts and resolve ambiguous time expressions. Continue through the Dynamic Learning Graph below.
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ฝึกตัดสินใจมุมมองเวลาในอดีต
